今天是2019年4月29日！
已经是物是人非。
希望
能有所改变！
熬……
2009年12月24日星期四
中国国家防火墙Great Firewall of China
中国国家网络防火墙把blogspot.com域名封杀了。
国内无法访问blogspot.com博客。
我登录blogspot.com很不容易，需要找代理才能访问。
本博客无法正常更新，请见谅！
China's national network firewall to block the blogspot.com domain.
China can not access blogspot.com blog.
I log on blogspot.com is not easy, you need to find agents to access.
This blog can not be properly updated, please forgive me!
国内无法访问blogspot.com博客。
我登录blogspot.com很不容易，需要找代理才能访问。
本博客无法正常更新，请见谅！
China's national network firewall to block the blogspot.com domain.
China can not access blogspot.com blog.
I log on blogspot.com is not easy, you need to find agents to access.
This blog can not be properly updated, please forgive me!
男人四十
1．四十岁的男人，如果一事无成，就难成了。十几年的教育，二十几年的社会，这些年都没整出点动静来，就不要为难自己了。当然，没出息的也有没出息的活法：好吸的抽两根小烟，好喝的咪两口小酒，好赌的打两副小牌，好色的看两张小碟。放低目标、摆平心态，日子也照样能过的舒舒服服。
2．四十岁的男人，如果还没去过K房或者桑拿，最好抽空去一次。倘若有美色、美酒当前却依旧坐怀不乱，那么，你就真正达到了不惑的境界。不惑是一种高度，是一种层次，这其中的美妙待我四十岁时再与你细细道来。
3．四十岁的男人，不要再像二、三十岁那样，目不斜视、直勾勾地盯着女士着装暴露的部位。纵使心里波涛起伏，也要注意形象得体。非礼勿视、若非要视、最好斜视。
4．四十岁的男人，如果活得不开心，那估计是要把这份不开心带到棺材里去了。要放宽心胸，成就大小与金钱无关，是否风光无需载入史册。要记住：芸芸众生、人来人往，不是谁都能傲视天下，这其中有命、有运。走过、路过即可，不要耿耿于怀，更不要愤世嫉俗。
5.四十岁的男人，成就过一两件事情很不容易，什么事情都没做成过更不容易。对于那些一事无成者虽然为时已晚，但大器晚成的例子从古至今、跨越东西也比比皆是。只要还相信自己，就值得再去放手一搏。
6．四十岁的男人，别把自己的身材搞得一塌糊涂。臀部下垂和腹部隆起不是四十岁男人的专利。腾出些时间适当运动一下，譬如打打球、跑跑步都能对身心的抗老化起到积极的作用。
7．四十岁的男人，当官的要清廉不垮，经商的要纳税守法，打工的切忌伸手乱拿。二、三十岁犯个什么错还能洗心革面、重新来过，四十岁再来次失足落马可就苦海无边、回天乏术了。
8．四十岁的男人，应多尽些孝道，事业再怎么大，工作再怎么忙也要抽出些时间陪老人们吃吃饭、聊聊天，传承中华民族优秀精神的同时，也传递一个家庭互爱的传统，给后辈做出榜样。要记住：你怎么对待你的父母，你的后代就会怎么对待你。
9．四十岁的男人，生活在一个瞬间万变、规则不明的巨大的时代反差里；在一个前不着村、后不着店的年龄中承担着心理和生理的双重变化难免有诸多的焦虑和烦恼。要注重内心修炼，要辨明是非取舍，要懂得照顾自己。
10．四十岁的男人，如果还没有结婚，就别结了。无论你是一次未娶还是多次失败，你的身心已经到了不健康的地步，再把这种不健康带给别人是不负责任的。如果可以做到清心寡欲，独自漫步，也能活的自在。
11．四十岁的男人，纵使有钱到了令人发指的地步，也不要去包养什么二奶小蜜。不管是谁征服了谁，最终使坏的都是金钱。而金钱这东西虽然没有长腿，却和有腿的跑得一样快。除此以外，在这个时代，只要你身旁站着一个比你老婆光鲜靓丽却不是你老婆的女人你就会变得猥琐起来，在旁人看来这不是钱色交易就是权色交易。
12．四十岁的男人，大多已为人父，最好有一两件精彩的人生故事与你的子女分享。这些故事无需惊天动地、鬼哭神泣，但要让你的子女们知道他们有一个并不庸俗的父亲，身上流淌着不寻常的血液。这个信念在他们未来的人生当中会起到至关重要的作用。
13．四十岁的男人，要多参加几次葬礼。人生至此已行将过半，在中途先参观一下终点可以让自己消除恐惧的心理，驱赶过一天算一天的麻痹，得以更加感激生命、感激生活、感激岁月。
14．四十岁的男人，最好每年做两次体检。医疗保险和人寿保险至少要各买一份，要未雨绸缪的为妻子和子女做些安排。四十岁是男人病症高发期，万一不幸需要先行一步，至少能给亲人们留下一份嘱托和希望。
15．四十岁的男人，要远离二十岁的女孩，无论她多么楚楚动人，无论她多么飞蛾扑火。她尚处桃李年华，而你理当知天命、知是非。若真心欢喜，就不要给她一条泥泞坎坷、异常艰辛的道路。
16．四十岁的男人，要有肩膀，要扛得起风雨，要承担得起生活的重负。即使再苦再累，也要给妻子一床温暖的被褥，给孩子一个避风的港湾，给家庭一份不悔的承诺。
17．四十岁的男人，应该去读一些佛法、圣经之类的书籍。要理解，这浩荡人世之外的玄妙；要领悟，这生命一次又一次的轮回；要看到，这滚滚红尘背后的因果；要畏惧，有一双神秘的眼睛，一直在注视着我们。
18．四十岁的男人，就算到四十了也别怕。如果碰到有80后嘲讽年龄，用王朔老师的一句话回击最淋漓至尽：你们牛B什么，不就年轻么？老子也年轻过，可你们老过么?
2．四十岁的男人，如果还没去过K房或者桑拿，最好抽空去一次。倘若有美色、美酒当前却依旧坐怀不乱，那么，你就真正达到了不惑的境界。不惑是一种高度，是一种层次，这其中的美妙待我四十岁时再与你细细道来。
3．四十岁的男人，不要再像二、三十岁那样，目不斜视、直勾勾地盯着女士着装暴露的部位。纵使心里波涛起伏，也要注意形象得体。非礼勿视、若非要视、最好斜视。
4．四十岁的男人，如果活得不开心，那估计是要把这份不开心带到棺材里去了。要放宽心胸，成就大小与金钱无关，是否风光无需载入史册。要记住：芸芸众生、人来人往，不是谁都能傲视天下，这其中有命、有运。走过、路过即可，不要耿耿于怀，更不要愤世嫉俗。
5.四十岁的男人，成就过一两件事情很不容易，什么事情都没做成过更不容易。对于那些一事无成者虽然为时已晚，但大器晚成的例子从古至今、跨越东西也比比皆是。只要还相信自己，就值得再去放手一搏。
6．四十岁的男人，别把自己的身材搞得一塌糊涂。臀部下垂和腹部隆起不是四十岁男人的专利。腾出些时间适当运动一下，譬如打打球、跑跑步都能对身心的抗老化起到积极的作用。
7．四十岁的男人，当官的要清廉不垮，经商的要纳税守法，打工的切忌伸手乱拿。二、三十岁犯个什么错还能洗心革面、重新来过，四十岁再来次失足落马可就苦海无边、回天乏术了。
8．四十岁的男人，应多尽些孝道，事业再怎么大，工作再怎么忙也要抽出些时间陪老人们吃吃饭、聊聊天，传承中华民族优秀精神的同时，也传递一个家庭互爱的传统，给后辈做出榜样。要记住：你怎么对待你的父母，你的后代就会怎么对待你。
9．四十岁的男人，生活在一个瞬间万变、规则不明的巨大的时代反差里；在一个前不着村、后不着店的年龄中承担着心理和生理的双重变化难免有诸多的焦虑和烦恼。要注重内心修炼，要辨明是非取舍，要懂得照顾自己。
10．四十岁的男人，如果还没有结婚，就别结了。无论你是一次未娶还是多次失败，你的身心已经到了不健康的地步，再把这种不健康带给别人是不负责任的。如果可以做到清心寡欲，独自漫步，也能活的自在。
11．四十岁的男人，纵使有钱到了令人发指的地步，也不要去包养什么二奶小蜜。不管是谁征服了谁，最终使坏的都是金钱。而金钱这东西虽然没有长腿，却和有腿的跑得一样快。除此以外，在这个时代，只要你身旁站着一个比你老婆光鲜靓丽却不是你老婆的女人你就会变得猥琐起来，在旁人看来这不是钱色交易就是权色交易。
12．四十岁的男人，大多已为人父，最好有一两件精彩的人生故事与你的子女分享。这些故事无需惊天动地、鬼哭神泣，但要让你的子女们知道他们有一个并不庸俗的父亲，身上流淌着不寻常的血液。这个信念在他们未来的人生当中会起到至关重要的作用。
13．四十岁的男人，要多参加几次葬礼。人生至此已行将过半，在中途先参观一下终点可以让自己消除恐惧的心理，驱赶过一天算一天的麻痹，得以更加感激生命、感激生活、感激岁月。
14．四十岁的男人，最好每年做两次体检。医疗保险和人寿保险至少要各买一份，要未雨绸缪的为妻子和子女做些安排。四十岁是男人病症高发期，万一不幸需要先行一步，至少能给亲人们留下一份嘱托和希望。
15．四十岁的男人，要远离二十岁的女孩，无论她多么楚楚动人，无论她多么飞蛾扑火。她尚处桃李年华，而你理当知天命、知是非。若真心欢喜，就不要给她一条泥泞坎坷、异常艰辛的道路。
16．四十岁的男人，要有肩膀，要扛得起风雨，要承担得起生活的重负。即使再苦再累，也要给妻子一床温暖的被褥，给孩子一个避风的港湾，给家庭一份不悔的承诺。
17．四十岁的男人，应该去读一些佛法、圣经之类的书籍。要理解，这浩荡人世之外的玄妙；要领悟，这生命一次又一次的轮回；要看到，这滚滚红尘背后的因果；要畏惧，有一双神秘的眼睛，一直在注视着我们。
18．四十岁的男人，就算到四十了也别怕。如果碰到有80后嘲讽年龄，用王朔老师的一句话回击最淋漓至尽：你们牛B什么，不就年轻么？老子也年轻过，可你们老过么?
2009年2月27日星期五
野蛮的法国人和英国人
陶短房讲故事：
战国时候魏国的梁惠王曾向齐国的君王后炫耀魏国的国宝、12枚能照亮10辆车见方、直径超过1寸的夜明珠，君王后不以为 然地说，齐国没有这样的国宝，齐国的国宝是4位杰出人才，他们或善文、或善武，提高了国家实力，维护了国土安全，他们所照亮的，又何止10辆车的面积？春秋时代的赵国曾拥有和氏璧这样的旷世奇珍，却不能避免强秦的巧取豪夺，而该国赵武灵王的胡服骑射，则让强秦数十年不敢犯边，两相对比，什么是最可宝贵的， 不是一目了然么？
巴特勒是随英法联军侵略中国的一名法国上尉，并且参与了劫掠圆明园。他写信给法国文豪雨果（1802-1885），征询他对远征中国的“意见”，本想得到一些赞誉之辞，却得到了愤怒的谴责。今天，重温雨果此信，别具意义。下面是雨果谴责信全文：
先生，您征求我对远征中国的意见。您认为这次远征是体面的，出色的。多谢您对我的想法予以重视。在您看来，打着维多利亚女王和拿破仑皇帝双重旗号对中国的远征，是由法国和英国共同分享的光荣，而您想知道，我对英法的这个胜利会给予多少赞誉?
既然您想了解我的看法，那就请往下读吧：
在世界的某个角落，有一个世界奇迹。这个奇迹叫圆明园。艺术有两个来源，一是理想，理想产生欧洲艺术；一是幻想，幻想产生东方艺术。圆明园在幻想艺术中的地位就如同巴特农神庙在理想艺术中的地位。一个几乎是超人的民族的想象力所能产生的成就尽在于此。和巴特农神庙不一样，这不是一件稀有的、独一无二的作品；这是幻想的某种规模巨大的典范，如果幻想能有一个典范的话。请您想象有一座言语无法形容的建筑，某种恍若月宫的建筑，这就是圆明园。请您用大理石，用玉石，用青铜，用瓷器建造一个梦，用雪松做它的屋架，给它上上下下缀满宝石，披上绸缎，这儿盖神殿，那儿建后宫，造城楼，里面放上神像，放上异兽，饰以琉璃，饰以珐琅，饰以黄金，施以脂粉，请同是诗人的建筑师建造一千零一夜的一千零一个梦，再添上一座座花园，一方方水池，一眼眼喷泉，加上成群的天鹅、朱鹭和孔雀，总而言之，请假设人类幻想的某种令人眼花缭乱的洞府，其外貌是神庙、是宫殿，那就是这座名园。为了创建圆明园，曾经耗费了两代人的长期劳动。这座大得犹如一座城市的建筑物是世世代代的结晶。为谁而建?为了各国人民。因为，岁月创造的一切都是属于人类的。过去的艺术家、诗人、哲学家都知道圆明园；伏尔泰就谈起过圆明园。人们常说：希腊有巴特农神庙，埃及有金字塔，罗马有斗兽场，巴黎有圣母院，而东方有圆明园。要是说，大家没有看见过它，但大家梦见过它。这是某种令人惊骇而不知名的杰作，在不可名状的晨曦中依稀可见。宛如在欧洲文明的地平线上瞥见的亚洲文明的剪影。
这个奇迹已经消失了。
有一天，两个强盗闯进了圆明园。一个强盗洗劫，另一个强盗放火。似乎得胜之后，便可以动手行窃了。他们对圆明园进行了大规模的劫掠，赃物由两个胜利者均分。我们看到，这整个事件还与额尔金（注）的名字有关，这名字又使人不能不忆起巴特农神庙。从前对巴特农神庙怎么干，现在对圆明园也怎么干，只是更彻底，更漂亮，以至于荡然无存。我们所有大教堂的财宝加在一起，也许还抵不上东方这座了不起的富丽堂皇的博物馆。那儿不仅仅有艺术珍品，还有大堆的金银制品。丰功伟绩!收获巨大!两个胜利者，一个塞满了腰包，这是看得见的，另一个装满了箱箧。他们手挽手，笑嘻嘻地回到欧洲。这就是这两个强盗的故事。
我们欧洲人是文明人，中国人在我们眼中是野蛮人。这就是文明对野蛮所干的事情。将受到历史制裁的这两个强盗，一个叫法兰西，另一个叫英吉利。不过，我要抗议，感谢您给了我这样一个抗议的机会。治人者的罪行不是治于人者的过错；政府有时会是强盗，而人民永远也不会是强盗。
法兰西帝国吞下了这次胜利的一半赃物，今天，帝国居然还天真地以为自己就是真正的物主，把圆明园的富丽堂皇拿来展出。我希望有朝一日，解放了的干干净净的法兰西会把这份战利品归还给被掠夺的中国。
现在，我证实，发生了一次偷窃，有两名窃贼。
先生，以上就是我对远征中国的全部赞誉。
维克多·雨果
1861年11月25日于高城居
注：额尔金（1811-1863）英国人，率英法联军焚毁中国圆明园的罪魁。其父老额尔金曾在希腊等国大肆偷盗文物，破坏古迹，其中包括著名的巴特农神庙。
Lettre au capitaine Butler par Victor Hugo
Hauteville House, 25 novembre 1861
Vous me demandez mon avis, monsieur, sur l’expédition de Chine. Vous trouvez cette expédition honorable et belle, et vous êtes assez bon pour attacher quelque prix à mon sentiment ; selon vous, l’expédition de Chine, faite sous le double pavillon de la reine Victoria et de l’empereur Napoléon, est une gloire à partager entre la France et l’Angleterre, et vous désirez savoir quelle est la quantité d’approbation que je crois pouvoir donner à cette victoire anglaise et française.
Puisque vous voulez connaître mon avis, le voici :
ll y avait, dans un coin du monde, une merveille du monde ; cette merveille s’appelait le Palais d’été. L’art a deux principes, l’Idée qui produit l’art européen, et la Chimère qui produit l’art oriental. Le Palais d’été était à l’art chimérique ce que le Parthénon est à l’art idéal. Tout ce que peut enfanter l’imagination d’un peuple presque extra-humain était là. Ce n’était pas, comme le Parthénon, une œuvre rare et unique ; c’était une sorte d’énorme modèle de la chimère, si la chimère peut avoir un modèle.
Imaginez on ne sait quelle construction inexprimable, quelque chose comme un édifice lunaire, et vous aurez le Palais d’été. Bâtissez un songe avec du marbre, du jade, du bronze, de la porcelaine, charpentez-le en bois de cèdre, couvrez-le de pierreries, drapez-le de soie, faites-le ici sanctuaire, là harem, là citadelle, mettez-y des dieux, mettez-y des monstres, vernissez-le, émaillez-le, dorez-le, fardez-le, faites construire par des architectes qui soient des poètes les mille et un rêves des mille et une nuits, ajoutez des jardins, des bassins, des jaillissements d’eau et d’écume, des cygnes, des ibis, des paons, supposez en un mot une sorte d’éblouissante caverne de la fantaisie humaine ayant une figure de temple et de palais, c’était là ce monument. Il avait fallu, pour le créer, le lent travail de deux générations. Cet édifice, qui avait l’énormité d’une ville, avait été bâti par les siècles, pour qui ? pour les peuples. Car ce que fait le temps appartient à l’homme. Les artistes, les poètes, les philosophes, connaissaient le Palais d’été ; Voltaire en parle. On disait : le Parthénon en Grèce, les Pyramides en Egypte, le Colisée à Rome, Notre-Dame à Paris, le Palais d’été en Orient. Si on ne le voyait pas, on le rêvait. C’était une sorte d’effrayant chef-d’œuvre inconnu entrevu au loin dans on ne sait quel crépuscule, comme une silhouette de la civilisation d’Asie sur l’horizon de la civilisation d’Europe.
Cette merveille a disparu.
Un jour, deux bandits sont entrés dans le Palais d’été. L’un a pillé, l’autre a incendié. La victoire peut être une voleuse, à ce qu’il paraît. Une dévastation en grand du Palais d’été s’est faite de compte à demi entre les deux vainqueurs. On voit mêlé à tout cela le nom d’Elgin, qui a la propriété fatale de rappeler le Parthénon. Ce qu’on avait fait au Parthénon, on l’a fait au Palais d’été, plus complètement et mieux, de manière à ne rien laisser. Tous les trésors de toutes nos cathédrales réunies n’égaleraient pas ce splendide et formidable musée de l’orient. Il n’y avait pas seulement là des chefs-d’œuvre d’art, il y avait un entassement d’orfèvreries. Grand exploit, bonne aubaine. L’un des deux vainqueurs a empli ses poches, ce que voyant, l’autre a empli ses coffres ; et l’on est revenu en Europe, bras dessus, bras dessous, en riant. Telle est l’histoire des deux bandits.
Nous, Européens, nous sommes les civilisés, et pour nous, les Chinois sont les barbares. Voila ce que la civilisation a fait à la barbarie.
Devant l’histoire, l’un des deux bandits s’appellera la France, l’autre s’appellera l’Angleterre. Mais je proteste, et je vous remercie de m’en donner l’occasion ; les crimes de ceux qui mènent ne sont pas la faute de ceux qui sont menés ; les gouvernements sont quelquefois des bandits, les peuples jamais.
L’empire français a empoché la moitié de cette victoire et il étale aujourd’hui avec une sorte de naïveté de propriétaire, le splendide bric-à-brac du Palais d’été.
J’espère qu’un jour viendra où la France, délivrée et nettoyée, renverra ce butin à la Chine spoliée.
En attendant, il y a un vol et deux voleurs, je le constate.
Telle est, monsieur, la quantité d’approbation que je donne à l’expédition de Chine.
Victor Hugo
注：图片来源互联网
2009年1月23日星期五
奥巴马总统就职演说全文
全文翻译来源：华尔街日报翻译版
亲爱的公民同胞们：
今天我站在这里，面对眼前的任务，深感责任重大。感谢你们给予我的信任，我也清楚前辈们为这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统对国家的服务，感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给予的慷慨协作。
时至今日，已有44位美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，有时面临的是狂风骤雨的紧张形势。在这种时刻，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，更是美国人民对先驱者理想的坚定信仰，以及对美国建国宣言的忠诚。
过去是这样，我们这一代美国人也要如此。
我 们都很清楚，我们正处于危机之中。我们的国家正在对触角广泛的暴力和仇恨网络宣战。国家的经济也受到了严重的削弱，这是一些人贪婪和不负责任的后果，但在 做出艰难选择和准备迎接新时代方面，我们出现了集体性的失误。家园失去了；工作丢掉了；商业萧条了。我们的医疗卫生耗资巨大；我们的学校让许多人失望；每 天都能找到更多的证据表明我们利用能源的方式使得对手更加强大，并且威胁到了我们整个星球。
这些，是从数据和统计中可以看到的危机信号。而更难以衡量但同样意义深远的是美国人自信心的丧失──现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须降低期待的恐惧正在吞噬着我们的自信。
今天我要向你们说的是，我们面临的挑战是真实存在的。这些挑战很多，也很严重，它们不会轻易地或者在短时间内就得以克服。但记住这一点：美国终将渡过难关。
今天，我们聚集在这里，是因为我们选择了希望而不是恐惧，团结而不是冲突与争执。
今天，我们在这里宣布要为无谓的抱怨、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的陈旧教条。
我们仍是一个年轻的国家，但借用《圣经》的话说，摒弃幼稚的时代已经来临。是时候重树我们坚韧的精神；选择我们更好的历史；弘扬那些珍贵的天赋和高尚的理念，并代代传承下去，即上帝赋予的信念：天下众生皆平等，众生皆自由，且均应有追求最大幸福的机会。
在 重申我们国家伟大之处的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，而是要靠我们努力争取。我们从不抄捷径，也不会退而求其次。我们的历程不属于那些胆怯懦 弱、享受安逸或追逐名利之人。这条历程属于勇于承担风险者，属于实干家和创造者，他们中的一些人名留青史，但更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带 领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅途，带领我们走向富强和自由。
为了我们，他们背起简单的行囊漂洋过海寻找新的生活；为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，他们在诸如（独立战争时的)康科德、（南北战争时的)葛底斯堡、(二战时的）诺曼底和（越南战争时的）溪山等地作战并献出生命。
一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了给我们带来更美好的生活。在他们眼中，美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心，也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。
我 们仍在继续着这一历程。美国仍是世界上最繁荣、最强大的国家。危机的发生并未削弱我们工人的生产力，我们仍拥有善于创造发明的头脑，我们的商品和服务仍像 上一周、一个月乃至一年前那样受到青睐。我们的能力并未被削弱。但是墨守成规、着眼小利、不肯做艰难决定的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须振奋起 来，扫去心头阴霾，再次投入到重整国家的工作中来。
放眼望去，到处都有工作要做。国家的经济状况需要我们采取大胆迅速的行动，不光是为了 创造新的就业，也是为增长奠定新的基础。我们将修建路桥、电网、数据线路，不仅仅是为了促进商业也是为了将我们紧密相连。我们将恢复科学应有的地位、并用 科技的魔力提高医疗卫生水平、降低就医成本。我们将利用太阳、风以及大地所提供的能源来驱动汽车、开动工厂。我们将改造各级学校，让它们能适应新时代的要 求。所有这一切我们都能做到。所有这一切我们都将做到。
现在，有人质疑我们的目标是不是太大了，他们说我们的系统无法承受过多的宏大计划。他们太健忘了。因为他们忘了这个国家曾经取得过怎样的成绩，他们已经忘了当想象力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合到一起时，自由的人民所能发挥的能量。
这 些怀疑论者不能理解美国正在发生的改变，曾长期耗费我们精力的陈腐政治争议已不被接受。如今我们提出的问题不是美国政府规模是太大还是太小，而是它是否发 挥应用的作用、是否能帮助美国家庭找到收入理想的工作、可以担负得起的医疗服务和足够安度晚年的退休储蓄。如果答案是肯定的，那么我们要继续执行这些政 策，如果答案是否定的，那么我们就结束这些政策。我们当中所有管理公共资金的人要负起责任，要精打细算、革除陋习，并确保我们的工作受到公众监督，唯有这 样，人民与政府之间至关重要的信任才能得以恢复。
现在摆在我们面前的问题也并非市场究竟是股好的还是坏的力量。市场创造财富、提高自由度 的力量无与伦比，然而当前危机提醒了我们，没有监管，市场可能成为脱缰之马，而且一个只追求繁荣的国家注定不能永葆荣华。一直以来，美国经济的成功并不仅 仅依赖于国内生产总值的规模，还有我们经济繁荣所惠及的范围以及我们赋予每一个心怀渴望的人以机会的能力──这一点并非发自谁的慈悲之心，这是我们实现共 同利益的最可靠途径。
至于共同防卫领域，我们拒绝在自身的安全与理想之间做出取舍的错误选择。我们的国父在面临着我们难以想像的困难之时 还起草了宪法以保障法制与人权，世世代代的美国人用鲜血捍卫并丰富了这份宪法。它里面蕴含的信念至今仍光照世界，我们不能出于一时之便将它放弃。我想对今 天正在观看这个仪式的百姓和官员说--不论他们身处最繁华的都市还是像我父亲出生地那样的小村落--他们应该知道，无论男女老幼，只要他们致力于寻求和平 和有尊严的未来，美国就是他们的朋友，而且我们已准备好再次在这条道路上担当领导。
我们在此回忆先辈，他们战胜了法西斯主义和共产主义， 靠的不只是导弹和坦克，更是靠坚定的盟友和不移的信念。他们明白仅凭武力不足以保护我们，也不能让我们为所欲为。相反，他们知道我们国家实力的增长源于我 们对自己力量的谨慎使用，我们的安全源于所开展事业的正义、我们的榜样力量以及谦卑与克己品质的融合。
我们将信守这一传统。在这些原则的 指导下，我们能够应对这些需要投入更多努力、更多国与国的合作及理解的崭新挑战。我们将开始负责任地从伊拉克撤军，并在阿富汗打造来之不易的和平。我们将 与老友与宿敌一道竭力化解核武威胁，并遏制地球变暖趋势。我们不会为自己的生活方式道歉，我们会坚定不移地捍卫它，对于那些想靠恐怖主义和滥杀无辜来达到 目的的人，我们会对他们说：现在我们的精神力量更加强大，坚不可摧，你们不可能战胜我们，我们注定会打败你们。
这是因为我们知道，大杂烩 的传统是美国的力量所在，而非我们的弱点。我们国家是由基督徒、穆斯林、犹太人、印度教徒和无神论者组成。地球各个角落的语言和文化汇聚成了美国，正是因 为我们曾品尝过南北战争和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大更加团结，因此我们毫不犹豫地相信旧日的仇恨终有一天会成为过去， 种族的界线不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，人类的共有品性将会自动显现。在引领一个和平新时代的到来方面，美国必须发挥自己的作用。
对 穆斯林世界，我们正在共同利益和彼此尊重的基础上寻求一条新的前行道路。对全球那些想要播种冲突、将自己国家的问题怪罪于西方社会的领导人，你们应该知道 你们的人民将根据你们建设什么而不是摧毁了什么来评价你们。对于那些通过腐败、欺骗、压制异见来统治的人，你们应该知道你们站在了历史的对立面。但是如果 你们愿意放开紧攥的拳头，美国会向你们伸出手。
对贫困国家的人民，我们保证将和你们合作，让你们的农场丰收，让水源清洁，滋补饿坏的身体，滋养饥饿的心灵。对那些与我们一样相对富裕的国家，我们说，不能再对外界的苦难漠不关心，更不能毫无顾忌地消耗世界的资源。世界已经改变，我们也必须随之改变。
当 我们审视前方的道路时，我们以谦卑感激的心想起那些勇敢的美国同胞，他们正在遥远的沙漠和偏僻的山岭上巡逻。今天，我们应该聆听他们的声音，这也是长眠于 阿灵顿国家公墓的先烈们每时每刻都在提醒我们的。我们尊敬他们,不仅是因为他们捍卫了我们的自由，更因为他们代表着奉献精神；他们致力于寻找超越自身的生 命真谛。而此时，在这个将界定一个时代的时刻，我们更需让这种精神长住我们心间。
因为即使政府尽最大努力，尽最大义务，这个国家最终仍得 依靠每个美国人的信念和决心。这种力量是洪灾泛滥时，陌生人间的温情善举；是人们宁可裁减工时也要保全朋友工作共同度过经济最困难时期的无私忘我；这是消 防员们毅然冲入浓烟火海的无畏勇气，也是父母培养孩子的无私之心，孩子最终决定我们的命运。
或许，我们今日面临着全新的挑战，我们迎接挑 战的工具完全陌生。但是，我们赖以走向成功的价值观──勤劳、诚实、勇敢、公正、宽容、好奇、忠诚和爱国──从未改变。这些价值观是真实的。它们是推动我 们历史进步的沉默的力量。我们所需的就是回归这些真实的价值。如今我们需要的是一个勇于负责的新时代。人人都需要认识到，我们对自己，对国家乃至整个世 界，都负有责任。我们不会抱怨，而会欣然接受这份责任，坚信没有什么能比承担艰巨的任务更让人的精神充实，更能塑造我们的性格。
这是公民应尽的义务，应做的承诺。
这是我们信心的源泉──认识到上帝召唤我们对难以琢磨的命运进行塑造。
这是我们所崇尚的自由与信念的真谛──这就是为什么今天，不同肤色，不同信仰的男女老幼在这个大草坪上汇聚一堂；这就是为什么六十年前，一位黑人父亲走入餐厅甚至无人理睬，而今天他的儿子可以站在这里，在你们面前许下最庄严的誓言。
所以让我们铭记这一天，铭记我们的身份和我们走过的道路。在我们的国家诞生那一年，先辈们在最寒冷的日子里，围聚在结冰的河边靠微弱的篝火取暖。首都失守，敌军不断挺近，鲜血染红了白雪。就在革命的成果倍受质疑之时，我们的国父下令向人民宣读这样几句话：
“让这段话流传后世……当一切陷入寒冬，万物俱灭，只有希望和勇气可以长存……这座城市和这个国家，在共同的危机下团结起来，共同面对前方的艰难。”
这 就是美国。面对我们共同的危机，在这艰难的寒冬，让我们牢记那些不朽的字句。怀着希望和勇气，让我们再一次冲破结冰的逆流，迎接任何可能来临的狂风骤雨。 让我们的子孙传唱，当我们面对考验时，我们拒绝结束我们的旅程，我们没有回头，没有踟蹰不前。我们在上帝的关爱下眺望远方，我们带着自由这个伟大的礼物， 将它安全地传递给未来的世世代代。
Barack Obama
====================
Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address
My fellow citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.
So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh.
Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society’s ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
This is the price and the promise of citizenship.
This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.
So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."
America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
亲爱的公民同胞们：
今天我站在这里，面对眼前的任务，深感责任重大。感谢你们给予我的信任，我也清楚前辈们为这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统对国家的服务，感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给予的慷慨协作。
时至今日，已有44位美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，有时面临的是狂风骤雨的紧张形势。在这种时刻，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，更是美国人民对先驱者理想的坚定信仰，以及对美国建国宣言的忠诚。
过去是这样，我们这一代美国人也要如此。
我 们都很清楚，我们正处于危机之中。我们的国家正在对触角广泛的暴力和仇恨网络宣战。国家的经济也受到了严重的削弱，这是一些人贪婪和不负责任的后果，但在 做出艰难选择和准备迎接新时代方面，我们出现了集体性的失误。家园失去了；工作丢掉了；商业萧条了。我们的医疗卫生耗资巨大；我们的学校让许多人失望；每 天都能找到更多的证据表明我们利用能源的方式使得对手更加强大，并且威胁到了我们整个星球。
这些，是从数据和统计中可以看到的危机信号。而更难以衡量但同样意义深远的是美国人自信心的丧失──现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须降低期待的恐惧正在吞噬着我们的自信。
今天我要向你们说的是，我们面临的挑战是真实存在的。这些挑战很多，也很严重，它们不会轻易地或者在短时间内就得以克服。但记住这一点：美国终将渡过难关。
今天，我们聚集在这里，是因为我们选择了希望而不是恐惧，团结而不是冲突与争执。
今天，我们在这里宣布要为无谓的抱怨、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的陈旧教条。
我们仍是一个年轻的国家，但借用《圣经》的话说，摒弃幼稚的时代已经来临。是时候重树我们坚韧的精神；选择我们更好的历史；弘扬那些珍贵的天赋和高尚的理念，并代代传承下去，即上帝赋予的信念：天下众生皆平等，众生皆自由，且均应有追求最大幸福的机会。
在 重申我们国家伟大之处的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，而是要靠我们努力争取。我们从不抄捷径，也不会退而求其次。我们的历程不属于那些胆怯懦 弱、享受安逸或追逐名利之人。这条历程属于勇于承担风险者，属于实干家和创造者，他们中的一些人名留青史，但更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带 领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅途，带领我们走向富强和自由。
为了我们，他们背起简单的行囊漂洋过海寻找新的生活；为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，他们在诸如（独立战争时的)康科德、（南北战争时的)葛底斯堡、(二战时的）诺曼底和（越南战争时的）溪山等地作战并献出生命。
一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了给我们带来更美好的生活。在他们眼中，美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心，也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。
我 们仍在继续着这一历程。美国仍是世界上最繁荣、最强大的国家。危机的发生并未削弱我们工人的生产力，我们仍拥有善于创造发明的头脑，我们的商品和服务仍像 上一周、一个月乃至一年前那样受到青睐。我们的能力并未被削弱。但是墨守成规、着眼小利、不肯做艰难决定的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须振奋起 来，扫去心头阴霾，再次投入到重整国家的工作中来。
放眼望去，到处都有工作要做。国家的经济状况需要我们采取大胆迅速的行动，不光是为了 创造新的就业，也是为增长奠定新的基础。我们将修建路桥、电网、数据线路，不仅仅是为了促进商业也是为了将我们紧密相连。我们将恢复科学应有的地位、并用 科技的魔力提高医疗卫生水平、降低就医成本。我们将利用太阳、风以及大地所提供的能源来驱动汽车、开动工厂。我们将改造各级学校，让它们能适应新时代的要 求。所有这一切我们都能做到。所有这一切我们都将做到。
现在，有人质疑我们的目标是不是太大了，他们说我们的系统无法承受过多的宏大计划。他们太健忘了。因为他们忘了这个国家曾经取得过怎样的成绩，他们已经忘了当想象力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合到一起时，自由的人民所能发挥的能量。
这 些怀疑论者不能理解美国正在发生的改变，曾长期耗费我们精力的陈腐政治争议已不被接受。如今我们提出的问题不是美国政府规模是太大还是太小，而是它是否发 挥应用的作用、是否能帮助美国家庭找到收入理想的工作、可以担负得起的医疗服务和足够安度晚年的退休储蓄。如果答案是肯定的，那么我们要继续执行这些政 策，如果答案是否定的，那么我们就结束这些政策。我们当中所有管理公共资金的人要负起责任，要精打细算、革除陋习，并确保我们的工作受到公众监督，唯有这 样，人民与政府之间至关重要的信任才能得以恢复。
现在摆在我们面前的问题也并非市场究竟是股好的还是坏的力量。市场创造财富、提高自由度 的力量无与伦比，然而当前危机提醒了我们，没有监管，市场可能成为脱缰之马，而且一个只追求繁荣的国家注定不能永葆荣华。一直以来，美国经济的成功并不仅 仅依赖于国内生产总值的规模，还有我们经济繁荣所惠及的范围以及我们赋予每一个心怀渴望的人以机会的能力──这一点并非发自谁的慈悲之心，这是我们实现共 同利益的最可靠途径。
至于共同防卫领域，我们拒绝在自身的安全与理想之间做出取舍的错误选择。我们的国父在面临着我们难以想像的困难之时 还起草了宪法以保障法制与人权，世世代代的美国人用鲜血捍卫并丰富了这份宪法。它里面蕴含的信念至今仍光照世界，我们不能出于一时之便将它放弃。我想对今 天正在观看这个仪式的百姓和官员说--不论他们身处最繁华的都市还是像我父亲出生地那样的小村落--他们应该知道，无论男女老幼，只要他们致力于寻求和平 和有尊严的未来，美国就是他们的朋友，而且我们已准备好再次在这条道路上担当领导。
我们在此回忆先辈，他们战胜了法西斯主义和共产主义， 靠的不只是导弹和坦克，更是靠坚定的盟友和不移的信念。他们明白仅凭武力不足以保护我们，也不能让我们为所欲为。相反，他们知道我们国家实力的增长源于我 们对自己力量的谨慎使用，我们的安全源于所开展事业的正义、我们的榜样力量以及谦卑与克己品质的融合。
我们将信守这一传统。在这些原则的 指导下，我们能够应对这些需要投入更多努力、更多国与国的合作及理解的崭新挑战。我们将开始负责任地从伊拉克撤军，并在阿富汗打造来之不易的和平。我们将 与老友与宿敌一道竭力化解核武威胁，并遏制地球变暖趋势。我们不会为自己的生活方式道歉，我们会坚定不移地捍卫它，对于那些想靠恐怖主义和滥杀无辜来达到 目的的人，我们会对他们说：现在我们的精神力量更加强大，坚不可摧，你们不可能战胜我们，我们注定会打败你们。
这是因为我们知道，大杂烩 的传统是美国的力量所在，而非我们的弱点。我们国家是由基督徒、穆斯林、犹太人、印度教徒和无神论者组成。地球各个角落的语言和文化汇聚成了美国，正是因 为我们曾品尝过南北战争和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大更加团结，因此我们毫不犹豫地相信旧日的仇恨终有一天会成为过去， 种族的界线不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，人类的共有品性将会自动显现。在引领一个和平新时代的到来方面，美国必须发挥自己的作用。
对 穆斯林世界，我们正在共同利益和彼此尊重的基础上寻求一条新的前行道路。对全球那些想要播种冲突、将自己国家的问题怪罪于西方社会的领导人，你们应该知道 你们的人民将根据你们建设什么而不是摧毁了什么来评价你们。对于那些通过腐败、欺骗、压制异见来统治的人，你们应该知道你们站在了历史的对立面。但是如果 你们愿意放开紧攥的拳头，美国会向你们伸出手。
对贫困国家的人民，我们保证将和你们合作，让你们的农场丰收，让水源清洁，滋补饿坏的身体，滋养饥饿的心灵。对那些与我们一样相对富裕的国家，我们说，不能再对外界的苦难漠不关心，更不能毫无顾忌地消耗世界的资源。世界已经改变，我们也必须随之改变。
当 我们审视前方的道路时，我们以谦卑感激的心想起那些勇敢的美国同胞，他们正在遥远的沙漠和偏僻的山岭上巡逻。今天，我们应该聆听他们的声音，这也是长眠于 阿灵顿国家公墓的先烈们每时每刻都在提醒我们的。我们尊敬他们,不仅是因为他们捍卫了我们的自由，更因为他们代表着奉献精神；他们致力于寻找超越自身的生 命真谛。而此时，在这个将界定一个时代的时刻，我们更需让这种精神长住我们心间。
因为即使政府尽最大努力，尽最大义务，这个国家最终仍得 依靠每个美国人的信念和决心。这种力量是洪灾泛滥时，陌生人间的温情善举；是人们宁可裁减工时也要保全朋友工作共同度过经济最困难时期的无私忘我；这是消 防员们毅然冲入浓烟火海的无畏勇气，也是父母培养孩子的无私之心，孩子最终决定我们的命运。
或许，我们今日面临着全新的挑战，我们迎接挑 战的工具完全陌生。但是，我们赖以走向成功的价值观──勤劳、诚实、勇敢、公正、宽容、好奇、忠诚和爱国──从未改变。这些价值观是真实的。它们是推动我 们历史进步的沉默的力量。我们所需的就是回归这些真实的价值。如今我们需要的是一个勇于负责的新时代。人人都需要认识到，我们对自己，对国家乃至整个世 界，都负有责任。我们不会抱怨，而会欣然接受这份责任，坚信没有什么能比承担艰巨的任务更让人的精神充实，更能塑造我们的性格。
这是公民应尽的义务，应做的承诺。
这是我们信心的源泉──认识到上帝召唤我们对难以琢磨的命运进行塑造。
这是我们所崇尚的自由与信念的真谛──这就是为什么今天，不同肤色，不同信仰的男女老幼在这个大草坪上汇聚一堂；这就是为什么六十年前，一位黑人父亲走入餐厅甚至无人理睬，而今天他的儿子可以站在这里，在你们面前许下最庄严的誓言。
所以让我们铭记这一天，铭记我们的身份和我们走过的道路。在我们的国家诞生那一年，先辈们在最寒冷的日子里，围聚在结冰的河边靠微弱的篝火取暖。首都失守，敌军不断挺近，鲜血染红了白雪。就在革命的成果倍受质疑之时，我们的国父下令向人民宣读这样几句话：
“让这段话流传后世……当一切陷入寒冬，万物俱灭，只有希望和勇气可以长存……这座城市和这个国家，在共同的危机下团结起来，共同面对前方的艰难。”
这 就是美国。面对我们共同的危机，在这艰难的寒冬，让我们牢记那些不朽的字句。怀着希望和勇气，让我们再一次冲破结冰的逆流，迎接任何可能来临的狂风骤雨。 让我们的子孙传唱，当我们面对考验时，我们拒绝结束我们的旅程，我们没有回头，没有踟蹰不前。我们在上帝的关爱下眺望远方，我们带着自由这个伟大的礼物， 将它安全地传递给未来的世世代代。
Barack Obama
====================
Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address
My fellow citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.
So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh.
Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society’s ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
This is the price and the promise of citizenship.
This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.
So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."
America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
2008年12月31日星期三
2008年11月30日星期日
流水帐
天气：晴
心情：好
昨天顺利完成了上海市教师资格专业课程考试，一切都还顺利。
本期考试一共有25619人次考生，是我2002年接手教师资格考试以来，考生人数最多的一次考试，创了历年新纪录。
早上5点起床天还没亮就到印刷厂接试卷，一直忙到晚上19点回学校。一整天都在像蚂蚁一样忙忙碌碌，手机响个不停，早上出门手机电池还满格，晚上回到家已经没电了。
晚上试卷顺利运回学校后，大家到附近的饭店吃饭，席间其乐融融，这种感觉很久没有了，仿佛又回到了02、03年我刚进学校工作时一些老老师带我的感觉，不同的是，现在我也带新同事把学来的经验传授下去，也许这就是所谓的传帮带吧……
今天，睡个赖觉到自然醒。到学校把昨天考试的试卷做分拣，为明天阅卷做准备工作。走进大楼看到先到的同事已经在会议室分拣试卷了，泡杯茶赶紧进去一起分拣试卷，空气中弥漫着团结的气氛。
备注：
1、第一考区横幅已经损坏，下期考试须要重新做新横幅。
2、印刷厂试卷袋还余940套。
3、试卷袋考场号有漏写、错写，考务来不及检查。
心情：好
昨天顺利完成了上海市教师资格专业课程考试，一切都还顺利。
本期考试一共有25619人次考生，是我2002年接手教师资格考试以来，考生人数最多的一次考试，创了历年新纪录。
早上5点起床天还没亮就到印刷厂接试卷，一直忙到晚上19点回学校。一整天都在像蚂蚁一样忙忙碌碌，手机响个不停，早上出门手机电池还满格，晚上回到家已经没电了。
晚上试卷顺利运回学校后，大家到附近的饭店吃饭，席间其乐融融，这种感觉很久没有了，仿佛又回到了02、03年我刚进学校工作时一些老老师带我的感觉，不同的是，现在我也带新同事把学来的经验传授下去，也许这就是所谓的传帮带吧……
今天，睡个赖觉到自然醒。到学校把昨天考试的试卷做分拣，为明天阅卷做准备工作。走进大楼看到先到的同事已经在会议室分拣试卷了，泡杯茶赶紧进去一起分拣试卷，空气中弥漫着团结的气氛。
备注：
1、第一考区横幅已经损坏，下期考试须要重新做新横幅。
2、印刷厂试卷袋还余940套。
3、试卷袋考场号有漏写、错写，考务来不及检查。
2008年10月29日星期三
微软MS08-067(KB958644)漏洞攻击实战教程
10月24日，微软系统爆出2008年最大的安全漏洞（KB958644），微软在MS08-067号安全公告警告该漏洞影响包括Windows XP SP3、Windows 2000、Windows Server 2003、Windows Vista等几乎所有主流操作系统,只有Windows Server 2008 Core是个例外。
10月26日幻影组织已经利用该漏洞写出相应的攻击工具，Tiger工作室於27日下载了MS08-067漏洞攻击工具做了实战测试，以下是实战演示效果：
第一步：扫描
用ms08-067-scan扫描指定的IP段，寻找存在MS08-067漏洞的主机。
（图一）
随便找了一个IP段就发现大量存在MS08-067漏洞的主机，安全意识实在太差！
第二步：溢出
启动MS08-067.EXE软件开始对存在漏洞的主机进一步的溢出攻击。
（图二）十几秒钟就显示“SMB Connect OK!”溢出成功，简直太容易了。
第三步：链接攻击
（图三）
用telnet命令：telnet 2**.1**.**.*** 4444连接对方主机成功，并获得了目标主机的一个shell，并且是system权限。可以看到对方F盘中存有大量的资料。接下来就可以用net user命令对渗透主机创建管理员权限……肉鸡就这样轻易到手了。本人纯属测试实验，就此打住。
第四步：总结
其实，微软MS08-067(KB958644)漏洞还是很好防范的，给大家几点建议：
1、关闭系统的TCP139或TCP445端口。
2、关闭Computer Browser、Server、Workstation这三个系统服务
3、关闭系统的telnet服务。
4、上网请使用防火墙。
5、立即安装微软紧急发布MS08-067(KB958644)安全补丁修复该漏洞，该补丁你可以到Tiger工作室下载安装：
微软紧急发布MS08-067(KB958644)补丁修危急漏洞
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